Chronic back pain??
Question: Chronic back pain?
friend has scoliosis and it bad. what will stop the pain?????
she has tried pain reliever
she says massages seem to work. what is something she can do at home to help her feel better?????
Answers: Massages, heating pads, hot baths....
Scoliosis
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources.
Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. (help, get involved!)
This article has been tagged since November 2006.Scoliosis
Classification & external resources ICD-10 M41.0, Q67.5, Q76.3
ICD-9 737.3
A coronal X-ray of a person with thoracic dextroscoliosis and lumbar levoscoliosis. The X-ray is projected such that the right side of the subject is on the right side of the image, i.e. the subject is viewed from the rear. This projection is typically used by surgeons as it is how surgeons see their patients when they are on the operating table.Scoliosis is a condition that involves complex lateral and rotational curvature and deformity of the spine. It is typically classified as congenital (caused by vertebral anomalies present at birth), idiopathic (sub-classified as infantile, juvenile, adolescent, or adult according to when onset occurred) or as having developed as a secondary symptom of another condition, such as cerebral palsy or spinal muscular atrophy.
Contents [hide]
1 Terminology
2 Cause
3 Prevalence
4 Symptoms
5 Associated conditions
6 Investigation
7 Prognosis
8 Management
9 Surgery
9.1 Spinal fusion with instrumentation
9.2 Alternatives
10 References
11 Additional references
12 See also
13 External links
[edit] Terminology
Dextroscoliosis is a scoliosis with the convexity on the right side.[1][2][3]
Levoscoliosis is a scoliosis with the convexity on the left side.[1][2][3]
[edit] Cause
The cause of scoliosis is poorly understood. In the case of the most common form of scoliosis, Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis, there is a clear Mendelian inheritance but with incomplete penetrance. Various causes have been implicated, but none has consensus among scientists as the cause of scoliosis. Scoliosis is more common in females and is often seen in patients with cerebral palsy or spina bifida, although this form of scoliosis is different than that seen in children without these conditions. In some cases, scoliosis exists at birth due to a congenital vertebral anomaly. Occasionally development of scoliosis during adolescence is due to an underlying anomaly such as a tethered spinal cord, but most often the cause is unknown or idiopathic. Contrary to common belief, scoliosis does not come from slouching, sitting in awkward positions, or sleeping on an old mattress.
[edit] Prevalence
Scoliotic curves greater than 10° affect 2-3% of the population [1]. The prevalence of curves less than 20° is about equal in males and females. Curves greater than 20° affect about 1 in 2500 people. Curves convex to the right are more common than those to the left, and single or 'C' curves are slightly more common than double or 'S' curve patterns. Males are more likely to have infantile or juvenile scoliosis, but there is a high female predominance of adolescent scoliosis. Young females are seven times more likely than young males to develop a significant, progressive curvature. Females are nine times more likely to require treatment than males as they tend to have larger, more progressive curves.
[edit] Symptoms
Those with scoliosis often do not have pain as adolescents and young adults. Pain is common in adulthood if left untreated. The most common complaint from parents and patients is cosmetic deformity.
The symptoms of scoliosis can include:
Uneven musculature on one side of the spine
A rib hump and/or a prominent shoulder blade, caused by rotation of the ribcage in thoracic scoliosis
Uneven hip and shoulder levels
Asymmetric size or location of breast in females
Unequal distance between arms and body
Clothes that do not hang right , ie. with uneven hemlines
[edit] Associated conditions
Scoliosis is sometimes associated with other conditions such as cerebral palsy, spinal muscular atrophy, familial dysautonomia, Friedreich's ataxia, Spina bifidas, Marfan's syndrome, neurofibromatosis, connective tissue disorders, and craniospinal axis disorders (e.g., syringomyelia, Arnold-Chiari malformation).
However, the majority of patients with scoliosis have no other abnormalities.
[edit] Investigation
Cobb angle measurement of a dextroscoliosis.Patients who are initially present with scoliosis are examined to determine if there is an underlying cause of the deformity. During a physical examination, the following is assessed:
Skin for café au lait spots indicative of neurofibromatosis
The feet for cavovarus deformity
Abdominal reflexes
Muscle tone for spasticity
During the exam,the patient is asked to bend forward (Adam's Bend Test). If a hump is noted, then scoliosis is a possibility and the patient should be sent for an x-ray to confirm the diagnosis. The patient's gait is assessed, and there is an exam for signs of other abnormalities (e.g., Spina bifida as evidenced by a dimple, hairy patch, lipoma, or hemangioma). A thorough neurological examination is also performed.
Full-length standing spine X rays are the standard method for evaluating the severity and progression of the scoliosis, and whether it is congenital or idiopathic in nature. In growing individuals, serial radiographs are obtained at 3-12 month intervals to follow curve progression. In some instances, MRI investigation is warranted.
The standard method for assessing the curvature quantitatively is measurement of the Cobb angle, which is the angle between two lines, drawn perpendicular to the upper endplate of the uppermost vertebrae involved and the lower endplate of the lowest vertebrae involved. For patients who have two curves, Cobb angles are followed for both curves. In some patients, lateral bending xrays are obtained to assess the flexibility of the curves or the primary and compensatory curves.
[edit] Prognosis
The prognosis of scoliosis depends on the likelihood of progression. The general rules of progression are that larger curves carry a higher risk of progression than smaller curves, and that thoracic and double primary curves carry a higher risk of progression than single lumbar or thoracolumbar curves. In addition, patients who have not yet reached skeletal maturity have a higher likelihood of progression.
[edit] Management
The traditional medical management of scoliosis is complex and is determined by the severity of the curvature, skeletal maturity, and likelihood of progression.
The conventional options are, in order:
Observation
Bracing
Surgery
Bracing is only done when the patient has bone growth remaining, and is generally implemented in order to hold the curve and prevent it from progressing to the point where surgery is necessary. Bracing involves fitting the patient with a device that covers the torso and in some cases it extends to the neck. The most commonly used brace is a TLSO, a corset-like appliance that fits from armpits to hips and is custom-made from plastic. It is usually worn 23 hours a day and applies pressure on the curves in the spine. Bracing is only mildly effective as compliance is typically low, although some of the newer braces (such as the Charleston back brace) are touting better compliance rates and outcomes. Typically braces are only used for idiopathic curves that are not grave enough to warrant surgery, but they may also be used to prevent the progression of more severe curves in young children, in order to buy the child time to grow before performing surgery which would prevent further growth in the part of the spine affected.
In infantile and sometimes juvenile scoliosis a body cast or plaster jacket may be used instead of a brace. It has been proven possible to permanently correct some cases of infantile idiopathic scoliosis by using a series of plaster body casts applied under corrective traction, which help to mould the infant's soft bones and work with their infantile growth spurts. This method was pioneered by UK scoliosis specialist Min Mehta.
Chiropractic and physical therapy have some degree of anecdotal success in treating scoliosis that is primarily neuromuscular in nature, however non-surgical approaches will not address severe bony deformities associated with many cases of scoliosis. Chiropractors and physical therapists utilize joint mobilization techniques and therapeutic exercise to increase a scoliosis patient's flexibility and strength, theorizing that this better enables the brace to influence the curvature of the spine. Electronic Muscle Stimulation (EMS) is another therapeutic modality commonly utilized by chiropractors and physical therapists to reduce muscle spasms and strengthen atrophied muscles.
There is limited published scientific research to evaluate the efficacy of treatment programmes that include a combination of bracing along with physical therapy. While much debate remains in the scientific community about whether or not chiropractic and physical therapy can influence scoliotic curvature, there is less dispute about their palliative benefit in scoliosis patients who experience back pain either directly as a result of their deformity or indirectly from wearing an uncomfortable brace for the vast majority of the day.
[edit] Surgery
Surgery is usually indicated
a lot of people with scoliosis have massage
therapy done=perhaps a good friend could
give her a massage once in awhile
or ask her Dr to arrange therapy for her
Maybe :
Hot baths w/ epson salts once a week or so.
Don't sleep on the stomach.
Accupunture helps many who have tried it.
Portable massagers may also help.
friend has scoliosis and it bad. what will stop the pain?????
she has tried pain reliever
she says massages seem to work. what is something she can do at home to help her feel better?????
Answers: Massages, heating pads, hot baths....
Scoliosis
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources.
Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. (help, get involved!)
This article has been tagged since November 2006.Scoliosis
Classification & external resources ICD-10 M41.0, Q67.5, Q76.3
ICD-9 737.3
A coronal X-ray of a person with thoracic dextroscoliosis and lumbar levoscoliosis. The X-ray is projected such that the right side of the subject is on the right side of the image, i.e. the subject is viewed from the rear. This projection is typically used by surgeons as it is how surgeons see their patients when they are on the operating table.Scoliosis is a condition that involves complex lateral and rotational curvature and deformity of the spine. It is typically classified as congenital (caused by vertebral anomalies present at birth), idiopathic (sub-classified as infantile, juvenile, adolescent, or adult according to when onset occurred) or as having developed as a secondary symptom of another condition, such as cerebral palsy or spinal muscular atrophy.
Contents [hide]
1 Terminology
2 Cause
3 Prevalence
4 Symptoms
5 Associated conditions
6 Investigation
7 Prognosis
8 Management
9 Surgery
9.1 Spinal fusion with instrumentation
9.2 Alternatives
10 References
11 Additional references
12 See also
13 External links
[edit] Terminology
Dextroscoliosis is a scoliosis with the convexity on the right side.[1][2][3]
Levoscoliosis is a scoliosis with the convexity on the left side.[1][2][3]
[edit] Cause
The cause of scoliosis is poorly understood. In the case of the most common form of scoliosis, Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis, there is a clear Mendelian inheritance but with incomplete penetrance. Various causes have been implicated, but none has consensus among scientists as the cause of scoliosis. Scoliosis is more common in females and is often seen in patients with cerebral palsy or spina bifida, although this form of scoliosis is different than that seen in children without these conditions. In some cases, scoliosis exists at birth due to a congenital vertebral anomaly. Occasionally development of scoliosis during adolescence is due to an underlying anomaly such as a tethered spinal cord, but most often the cause is unknown or idiopathic. Contrary to common belief, scoliosis does not come from slouching, sitting in awkward positions, or sleeping on an old mattress.
[edit] Prevalence
Scoliotic curves greater than 10° affect 2-3% of the population [1]. The prevalence of curves less than 20° is about equal in males and females. Curves greater than 20° affect about 1 in 2500 people. Curves convex to the right are more common than those to the left, and single or 'C' curves are slightly more common than double or 'S' curve patterns. Males are more likely to have infantile or juvenile scoliosis, but there is a high female predominance of adolescent scoliosis. Young females are seven times more likely than young males to develop a significant, progressive curvature. Females are nine times more likely to require treatment than males as they tend to have larger, more progressive curves.
[edit] Symptoms
Those with scoliosis often do not have pain as adolescents and young adults. Pain is common in adulthood if left untreated. The most common complaint from parents and patients is cosmetic deformity.
The symptoms of scoliosis can include:
Uneven musculature on one side of the spine
A rib hump and/or a prominent shoulder blade, caused by rotation of the ribcage in thoracic scoliosis
Uneven hip and shoulder levels
Asymmetric size or location of breast in females
Unequal distance between arms and body
Clothes that do not hang right , ie. with uneven hemlines
[edit] Associated conditions
Scoliosis is sometimes associated with other conditions such as cerebral palsy, spinal muscular atrophy, familial dysautonomia, Friedreich's ataxia, Spina bifidas, Marfan's syndrome, neurofibromatosis, connective tissue disorders, and craniospinal axis disorders (e.g., syringomyelia, Arnold-Chiari malformation).
However, the majority of patients with scoliosis have no other abnormalities.
[edit] Investigation
Cobb angle measurement of a dextroscoliosis.Patients who are initially present with scoliosis are examined to determine if there is an underlying cause of the deformity. During a physical examination, the following is assessed:
Skin for café au lait spots indicative of neurofibromatosis
The feet for cavovarus deformity
Abdominal reflexes
Muscle tone for spasticity
During the exam,the patient is asked to bend forward (Adam's Bend Test). If a hump is noted, then scoliosis is a possibility and the patient should be sent for an x-ray to confirm the diagnosis. The patient's gait is assessed, and there is an exam for signs of other abnormalities (e.g., Spina bifida as evidenced by a dimple, hairy patch, lipoma, or hemangioma). A thorough neurological examination is also performed.
Full-length standing spine X rays are the standard method for evaluating the severity and progression of the scoliosis, and whether it is congenital or idiopathic in nature. In growing individuals, serial radiographs are obtained at 3-12 month intervals to follow curve progression. In some instances, MRI investigation is warranted.
The standard method for assessing the curvature quantitatively is measurement of the Cobb angle, which is the angle between two lines, drawn perpendicular to the upper endplate of the uppermost vertebrae involved and the lower endplate of the lowest vertebrae involved. For patients who have two curves, Cobb angles are followed for both curves. In some patients, lateral bending xrays are obtained to assess the flexibility of the curves or the primary and compensatory curves.
[edit] Prognosis
The prognosis of scoliosis depends on the likelihood of progression. The general rules of progression are that larger curves carry a higher risk of progression than smaller curves, and that thoracic and double primary curves carry a higher risk of progression than single lumbar or thoracolumbar curves. In addition, patients who have not yet reached skeletal maturity have a higher likelihood of progression.
[edit] Management
The traditional medical management of scoliosis is complex and is determined by the severity of the curvature, skeletal maturity, and likelihood of progression.
The conventional options are, in order:
Observation
Bracing
Surgery
Bracing is only done when the patient has bone growth remaining, and is generally implemented in order to hold the curve and prevent it from progressing to the point where surgery is necessary. Bracing involves fitting the patient with a device that covers the torso and in some cases it extends to the neck. The most commonly used brace is a TLSO, a corset-like appliance that fits from armpits to hips and is custom-made from plastic. It is usually worn 23 hours a day and applies pressure on the curves in the spine. Bracing is only mildly effective as compliance is typically low, although some of the newer braces (such as the Charleston back brace) are touting better compliance rates and outcomes. Typically braces are only used for idiopathic curves that are not grave enough to warrant surgery, but they may also be used to prevent the progression of more severe curves in young children, in order to buy the child time to grow before performing surgery which would prevent further growth in the part of the spine affected.
In infantile and sometimes juvenile scoliosis a body cast or plaster jacket may be used instead of a brace. It has been proven possible to permanently correct some cases of infantile idiopathic scoliosis by using a series of plaster body casts applied under corrective traction, which help to mould the infant's soft bones and work with their infantile growth spurts. This method was pioneered by UK scoliosis specialist Min Mehta.
Chiropractic and physical therapy have some degree of anecdotal success in treating scoliosis that is primarily neuromuscular in nature, however non-surgical approaches will not address severe bony deformities associated with many cases of scoliosis. Chiropractors and physical therapists utilize joint mobilization techniques and therapeutic exercise to increase a scoliosis patient's flexibility and strength, theorizing that this better enables the brace to influence the curvature of the spine. Electronic Muscle Stimulation (EMS) is another therapeutic modality commonly utilized by chiropractors and physical therapists to reduce muscle spasms and strengthen atrophied muscles.
There is limited published scientific research to evaluate the efficacy of treatment programmes that include a combination of bracing along with physical therapy. While much debate remains in the scientific community about whether or not chiropractic and physical therapy can influence scoliotic curvature, there is less dispute about their palliative benefit in scoliosis patients who experience back pain either directly as a result of their deformity or indirectly from wearing an uncomfortable brace for the vast majority of the day.
[edit] Surgery
Surgery is usually indicated
a lot of people with scoliosis have massage
therapy done=perhaps a good friend could
give her a massage once in awhile
or ask her Dr to arrange therapy for her
Maybe :
Hot baths w/ epson salts once a week or so.
Don't sleep on the stomach.
Accupunture helps many who have tried it.
Portable massagers may also help.
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